Animal Breeding and Genetics – The way towards sustainability 

Written by Geena Cartick, Breeding and Genetics Advisor at the European Forum of Farm Animal Breeders (EFFAB). At EFFAB she consults on the CODE EFABAR for the implementation of good practices among the different members of the policy team across the EU and hopefully beyond soon. She also supports the FABRE TP and EFFAB members for the coordination of the gene-editing network.

The blog post is based on the opinions of the author only.

Today, I want to share my journey in animal breeding and its importance. My love for poultry, especially chickens, began with my first internship in a hatchery where I watched chicks hatch from eggs. This experience ignited my interest in genetics and breeding, showing me, how selective breeding can improve animal health and other traits, benefiting both farmers and our food supply. 

An essential aspect of our efforts is to engage in responsible and balanced breeding. In Europe, the Code EFABAR — developed by EFFAB in partnership with various stakeholders, including breeders, researchers, and welfare organizations - promotes principles that prioritize animal welfare, environmental impact, and genetic diversity. Striking a balance among these factors is crucial for sustainable practices. I've seen how modern techniques have improved the health and welfare of pigs and poultry, leading to healthier and more robust animals with a reduction in the use of antibiotics. 

Animal welfare remains a top priority in my work. By selecting for traits that improve resilience and promote well-being, we can improve animals’ quality of life while supporting sustainable food systems. This connection between welfare and sustainability has been a guiding principle in my journey. 

We also need to consider the environmental impact of breeding. Implementing strategies to lower methane and ammonia emissions is essential for reducing the livestock sector's footprint. Efficient resource use, particularly in feed, is vital for sustainability, and I’ve witnessed significant advancements in this area. 

Maintaining genetic diversity is another crucial aspect of responsible breeding. High genetic diversity is essential for the long-term survival of animal populations, helping them adapt to changing environments and emerging diseases. 

As we look to the future, the principles of sustainable development are increasingly relevant in breeding practices. By embracing these responsible approaches, we can help heal our planet and secure food for future generations. My experiences with poultry have shown me the positive impact of well-managed breeding, and I remain committed to promoting balanced practices that improve health, productivity, and welfare.